Emberiza citrinella, Yellowhammer
Passeriformes – Emberizidae
N.B.: Ageing (and therefore sexing) in Yellowhammer is very difficult. Shape of tail feathers is especially (almost) unusable in this species (see the juvenile birds in gallery with round juvenile tails!) and differences between different generations of tertials or tertials and secondaries are not easy to notice as well as possible moult limit in alula. Shape and structure of primary coverts is useful, but requires some skill. Sexing in autumn is difficult, always start with ageing. There is a big overlap in appearance of young males and older females, see the molecularly sexed birds from 2019 (CZEP19-397 to CZEP19-463). After the pre-breeding moult, sexing becomes more straightforward. Ageing however becomes less and less possible due to the extensive wear to the plumage.
CZEP16-001
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-002
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-003
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-024
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-029
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-030
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-031
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-033
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP16-036
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2016 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP17-060
Sex: M, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: February, 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP17-061
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: February, 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP17-062
Sex: F, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: February, 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic
Probably a female with quite extensive yellow coloration for a young bird.
CZEP17-096
Sex: M, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: February, 2017 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-103
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: February, 2017 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-137
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2017 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-172
Sex: M, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: March, 2017 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP17-174
Sex: F, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2017 in Central Bohemia Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-175
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2017 in Central Bohemia Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-176
Sex: M, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: March, 2017 in Central Bohemia Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-209
Sex: F, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: April, 2017 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-266
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: May, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
Probably a 2CY+ (euring 6) individual.
CZEP17-306
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-307
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-308
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-309
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-310
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-311
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-312
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: June, 2017 in Brdy Mts., Czech Republic
CZEP17-435
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2017 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP17-436
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2017 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP18-372
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: June, 2018 in South Moravia Region, Czech Republic
At the end of the breeding seasons, Yellowhammers became extremely worn and the yellow of males is usually bleached to almost white.
CZEP19-035
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: February, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Tail of this individual is very round (maybe moulted, but see the shape of tail feathers of some of the birds still in juvenile plumage here in the gallery), but shape and structure of primary coverts suggest a 2CY (euring 5) individual as well as moult limit within alula.
CZEP19-050
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
An interesting individual with visible falt bars in greater coverts.
CZEP19-051
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP19-055
Sex: M, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: March, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP19-110
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP19-238
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: July, 2019 in South Moravia Region, Czech Republic
At the end of the breeding seasons, Yellowhammers became extremely worn.
CZEP19-334
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: September, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP19-337
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: September, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP19-369
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: September, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP19-397
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-398
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-399
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-400
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-426
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-430
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-459
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-460
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-461
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-462
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
CZEP19-463
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2019 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
Same individual as CZEP20-417
CZEP20-161
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: May, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-162
Sex: F, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: May, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Unusually yellow individual for a young female (the bird had a well developped brood patch when trapped).
CZEP20-163
Sex: M, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: May, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-164
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: May, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-200
Sex: F, age: 2CY+ (euring: 6), trapped: June, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-402
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: September, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-403
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: September, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-417
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: September, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
Sex was determined molecularly.
Age is known more precisely as this is a retrap. This bird was ringed as 1CY (euring 3) in October, 2019.
Same individual as CZEP19-463
CZEP20-486
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-496
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP20-500
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: November, 2020 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP21-316
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: July, 2021 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP21-483
Sex: U, age: 1CY juv (euring: 3J), trapped: September, 2021 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP22-272
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2022 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP22-273
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2022 in Prague, Czech Republic
CZEP23-028
Sex: M, age: 2CY (euring: 5), trapped: March, 2023 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-207
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-208
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-210
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-230
Sex: F, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-243
Sex: M, age: 1CY+ (euring: 4), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-244
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-245
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-246
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-256
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-257
Sex: F, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-258
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic
CZEP24-261
Sex: M, age: 1CY (euring: 3), trapped: October, 2024 in Vysočina Region, Czech Republic